{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}}
\toprule
            &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(5)}   \\
\midrule
$\beta$\textsubscript{1850-1855}&      -0.433   &      -0.226   &      -0.475   &      -0.567*  &      -0.535*  \\
            &     [0.310]   &     [0.340]   &     [0.297]   &     [0.333]   &     [0.318]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1856-1860}&      -0.123   &    -0.00248   &      -0.126   &      -0.106   &     -0.0980   \\
            &     [0.225]   &     [0.197]   &     [0.214]   &     [0.221]   &     [0.215]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1866-1870}&      -1.351***&      -1.303***&      -1.589***&      -1.460***&      -1.490***\\
            &     [0.382]   &     [0.397]   &     [0.417]   &     [0.371]   &     [0.361]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1871-1875}&      -1.824***&      -1.615***&      -1.890***&      -1.890***&      -1.908***\\
            &     [0.594]   &     [0.507]   &     [0.579]   &     [0.609]   &     [0.587]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1876-1880}&      -1.971***&      -1.728***&      -2.006***&      -2.007***&      -1.925***\\
            &     [0.700]   &     [0.579]   &     [0.670]   &     [0.699]   &     [0.657]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1881-1885}&      -1.936***&      -1.472***&      -2.081***&      -2.008***&      -1.828***\\
            &     [0.646]   &     [0.544]   &     [0.649]   &     [0.650]   &     [0.635]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1886-1890}&      -1.578** &      -1.177** &      -1.803***&      -1.733***&      -1.598** \\
            &     [0.641]   &     [0.586]   &     [0.642]   &     [0.621]   &     [0.619]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1891-1895}&      -1.454** &      -1.111** &      -1.482***&      -1.584***&      -1.429** \\
            &     [0.615]   &     [0.561]   &     [0.563]   &     [0.597]   &     [0.614]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1896-1900}&      -1.414** &      -1.324** &      -1.547***&      -1.471***&      -1.423***\\
            &     [0.552]   &     [0.521]   &     [0.526]   &     [0.527]   &     [0.522]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1901-1905}&      -1.225*  &      -1.255** &      -1.349** &      -1.137*  &      -1.051*  \\
            &     [0.673]   &     [0.632]   &     [0.682]   &     [0.654]   &     [0.634]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1906-1910}&      -1.149   &      -1.129*  &      -1.305*  &      -1.118   &      -1.017   \\
            &     [0.699]   &     [0.599]   &     [0.712]   &     [0.681]   &     [0.647]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1911-1914}&      -1.196   &      -1.175*  &      -1.300   &      -1.228   &      -1.093   \\
            &     [0.829]   &     [0.633]   &     [0.811]   &     [0.829]   &     [0.787]   \\
Controls    &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
I(Brit bank\textsubscript{o}) $\times$ t&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Country\textsubscript{o} FE&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Country\textsubscript{dt}&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Coal (32)\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&           Y   &               &               &               &               \\
Iron (67)\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &           Y   &               &               &               \\
Metal manu (69)\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &           Y   &               &               \\
Machinery (71)\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &               &           Y   &               \\
Paper (64)\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &               &               &           Y   \\
\midrule
N           &       70895   &       70895   &       70895   &       70895   &       70895   \\
Clusters    &         129   &         129   &         129   &         129   &         129   \\
Adj. R{$^2$}&       0.532   &       0.533   &       0.532   &       0.532   &       0.532   \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
}
